Orphaning in translation

In translation studies, "orphanisation" refers to a specific type of translation problem or challenge that occurs when a translated text becomes disconnected from its source or original context. It can happen when a translated work is divorced from its original cultural, historical, or linguistic context, leading to a loss of meaning, nuance, or intended message. More specifically, it is a process whereby the semiotic network of a text is completely lost after translation, as all connections with the semiotic cultural environment of the original text cannot be reestablished in the target language. See Aburisha (jostrans.org)

The term "orphaning" highlights the metaphorical separation between the translated text and its source. Just as an orphaned child lacks the support and guidance of their parents, an orphaned translation is detached from the original work's intended meaning and cultural framework.

Orphaning can occur due to various factors, such as inadequate knowledge of the source language and culture, the translator's personal biases or preferences, limitations in the target language, or pressures to conform to the norms and expectations of the target audience. It can lead to mistranslations, misinterpretations, or even the omission of important cultural references, idiomatic expressions, or literary devices present in the original text.

Translation scholars and practitioners strive to minimize orphaning by emphasizing the importance of fidelity to the source text and its cultural context. They promote strategies such as cultural adaptation, localization, and considering the target audience's expectations while maintaining the essence and integrity of the original work.