Ibrahim-González, Noraini. (2007). Noraini Ibrahim -INTERPRETING IN MALAYSIA: AN OVERVIEW Interpreting in Malaysia: An Overview. Puentes. 89-96.
Court interpreting is mandated by the law where a participant in litigation does not speak English. There are two types of interpreters: official interpreters and ad hoc interpreters. Official interpreters belong to one of three categories: student interpreters, certified interpreters or senior interpreters.
Knowledge and training are not required but qualification and experience decide which court an interpreter can be admitted to.
2. Taiwan
A.https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=...cd=&cad=rja&ua ct=8&ved=2ahUKEwiq45-v8bGFAxXgYEEAHXw0DnMQFnoECCAQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2F api.lib.ntnu.edu.tw%3A8443%2Fserver%2Fapi%2Fcore%2 Fbitstreams%2Fb9dc02fb-34ae-4ad7-b269-ba58ebf66dcd%2Fcontent&usg=AOvVaw15toO6xLBVdEi-9OOOybrl&opi=89978449
Taiwan lacks a systematic approach to the certification and appointment of court interpreting.
B. ctr.naer.edu.tw/v06.2/ctr060215.pdf
Currently, the recruited interpreters in Taiwan cover 13 foreign languages and 8 local dialects. To serve the language needs in court, 161 interpreters are listed as court-certified, contracted interpreters.
And
The first announcement of the largest endeavor to recruit and train court interpreters in Taiwan can be dated back to April 21, 2006. Several language criteria were chosen at that time, and a person who intended to become a court interpreter just had to demonstrate his/her competence in meeting one of the criteria. Until now, the language requirement for becoming a court interpreter has still remained the same, a quite low threshold. Any person meeting one of the following five criteria can apply to become a court-certified interpreter. a. a passing score for the GEPT (General English Proficiency Test) at the intermediate level, b. a score of 550 on the TOEIC test, c. a score of 457 on the TOEFL paper-based test (see Appendix 1 for test equivalence), d. the proof of having stayed in the country or area of the chosen language for more than 5 consecutive years, e. the proof of language competency in Mandarin Chinese and the possession of a work permit for any foreigner who would like to become a court-certified interpreter in Taiwan. After meeting one of these preliminary qualifications, the person is required to receive the following types of training before he/she formally receives the court-issued certificate valid and renewable every two years. a. Two hours of introduction for court cases and the business scope. b. Six hours of common knowledge for court proceedings. c. Twelve hours of court procedures for various cases. d. Two hours of Code of Ethics for court interpreters.
3. Rawanda
Court interpreting practice in Rwanda: Challenges and strategies for fair justice | Translation & Interpreting (trans-int.org
Court interpreting is mandated by the civil, commercial and criminal laws.
There are two staff translators and interpreters at Supreme Court both holding a degree in the law. Not received any training on court interpreting. A judge can appoint someone from the audience.
4. Russia
Бабанина, Тамара & Живаева, АД & Бабанина, ТМ. (2015). THE EMERGENCE OF COURT INTERPRETING IN RUSSIA: QUALIFIED INTERPRETERS NEEDED. Иностранные языки и литература в международном образовательном пространстве: сборник материалов пятой международной научно-практической конференции (Екатеринбург, 03 марта 2015 г.).. 13-26.
In connection with the Russian system of law he highlights the absence of the institution of court interpreters, training system, accreditation procedure and clear legal status.
5. Kenya
Wangui_Training as a minimum requirement to improve court interpretation in Kenya: a case study of Milimani chief magistrate s courts.pdf (uonbi.ac.ke)
The standards set for court interpreters at an international tribunal can be seen by looking at court interpreters at the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). In (Ndongo-Keller, 2013) the recruitment process is shown to be centered on training and examination. Once the prospective interpreters are recruited, they are trained in translation and interpretation skills which include sight translation, consecutive interpretation and simultaneous interpretation, as well as terminology, language and grammar after which they are tested again. Those that pass the interpretation test go through further training which then allows then to work as the court interpreters. The training takes place over a period of nine months which is still termed as too short to allow genuine training. “Training cannot be rushed just as justice cannot be rushed.” (Ndongo-Keller, 2013)
Kiswahili-English interpretation in Kenya is often left to the court clerk.
Kiguru, G. (2009). Court Interpreting in Kenya The Ideal and the Practice. Proteus, 5-11.
Non-=professional court interpreters initiate talk with witnesses, summarizing statements resulting from Lack of laid out guidelines and set objectives