المدرسة الافتراضية للترجمة وفنون اللغة العربية (جيمارا)

The Virtual School of Translation and Arabic Related Arts (JEEMARA)

ملخص أبحاث عامَّة في التعليم وعلم الأعصاب والترجمة الشفوية

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  • ملخص أبحاث عامَّة في التعليم وعلم الأعصاب والترجمة الشفوية

    "The participants use different learning styles or preferences for learning and there is no right or wrong classifications as everyone uses the appropriate learning style that brings some degree of learning as an out come at the end. For example some of the participants are shy and sensitive, while others are high risk takers and others enjoy high self-esteem" (Sana'a Al Ababneh)

    "Shifting towards constructivist-framed pedagogy, the teachers drew on neuroscience to create diverse learning experiences and moved away from didactic forms of teaching instruction." (Yuen Sze Michelle Tan & Joshua Johnstone Amiel)

    "In answer to the second question: The methods ranged from direct instruction, construction, and immersion to a full-on blend of both theories. The sequencing of the learning event moved from simple, known knowledge, through knowable, and complex, to chaotic. The findings support the critique of placing behaviourism and constructivism at opposite ends of a continuum. They support the proposition that the two paradigms are orthogonal." (Johannes C. Cronjé)

    To cater to students' reflective-active learning style, instructors should use discussions and problem-solving activities, focus on interpretations and theories, provide overviews, and connect topics to prior knowledge. Incorporating visual aids and verbal summaries, along with group work, will also enhance learning for those who prefer both verbal and visual styles. (Adapted from: Saud Aldajah, Yousef Haik and Kamal Moustafa).

    The distinction between active and reflective thinking styles is often associated with the learning theories of David Kolb, particularly his Experiential Learning Theory (ELT). According to Kolb, active learners engage through hands-on experiences and problem-solving, while reflective learners prefer to think deeply about information before applying it. This framework helps educators tailor their teaching strategies to better suit different learning styles.


    § لكل فرد أسلوبه المميز في التعلم الذي ينعكس في تفضيله لوسيط أو أكثر من الوسائط الحسية الإد ا ركية في استقبال وتجهيزها ومعالجتها على نحو أكثر كفاءة وفاعلية ويسر. § يكون التعلم أكثر فاعلية ويسر وديمومة إذا كان عرض المعلومات أو تقديمها متوافقاً مع أسلوب تعلم الطالب.
    (نورية عبيسة)



    "Instructors can maximize student learning by viewing objectives as the unifying and driving force for planning teaching and learning activities and assessment exercises. When these activities and exercises relate to and follow from the course goals and objectives, the course is aligned. This consistency gives clarity and direction to the students, thus facilitating their learning." (Phyllis Blumberg)

    Training in court interpreting must be available which bases its curricula on input from practising professionals as well as the knowledge, skills and abilities which are known to be vital in court interpreting, covering interpreting skills as well as substantive knowledge.


    Reward-based learning improves spatial attention.
    Leonardo Chelazzi, Jana Esˇtocˇinova´, Riccardo Calletti, Emanuele Lo Gerfo, Ilaria Sani, Chiara Della Libera, and Elisa Santandrea

    Different forms o f extrinsic motivation tend to take attention away from the most important aspect of school; a child's learning. Rewards can undermine intrinsic interest in an activity, and even deter a person from returning to an activity later on (Deci, 1971;1972; Festinger and Carlsmith, 1959; Lepper, Greene, and Nisbett, 1973). I

    A common theme in the research regarding intrinsic motivation is the development of an autonomous classroom climate. When children feel in control of their environment, they are not only internally motivated to work, but also experience positive feelings of self-worth (Ryan and Grolnick, 1986).


    Teachers should consider student feedback for refining their methods and fostering a collaborative learning environment, while future research should explore both student and teacher perspectives on integrating theory into interpreter education (codesiging).
    (Kayoko Takeda)


    "To concentrate on the message, the interpreter has to be well acquainted with the topic at hand and integrate it in the communicative setting, to exploit not only the verbal information but also all other information implicit in the event" (Eunice Nthenya Musyoka)

    Training interpreters on simultaneous interpreting increases cortex thickness in the brain. This contributes to enhancing the interpreter's memory and attention.
    (Alexis Hervais-Adelmana, Barbara Moser-Mercerb, Micah M. Murray, Narly Golestania)


    Mock conferences in the final semester of the curriculum might help the interpreter trainee to acquire enough self-confidence and personal autonomy, sufficient skilfulness and expertise.
    (Armand Emanuel Goutondji)

  • #2
    Engaging Students with Brain-Based Learning By Eric K. Kaufman, J. Shane Robinson, Kinnberly A Beilah, Cindy Akers, Penny Haase-Witller, Lynn Martindale

    1- LeDoux (1994) found relationships between emotions, memory and ihe brain, Other researchers (Eden et al. 1996) reported that t'hildren learning to read require activation of both the audirory and \ isual areas of their brains to create meaning. Another study found I hat the brain stores real-life experiences differently than it does a l.ibricated story (Schacter, 1996). These findings and others have •-lowly protnpted changes in teaching methods. During the "decade of the brain," Caine and Caine (1997) worked with schools to apply brain-based learning principles and lo "cbange educators' mental models of teaching and learning" (p, ¿40), After four years of work with two schools, they reported modcrate success in helping teachers move from an information delivery approach to a more learner-centered approach. Based on efforts to progress the two schools toward higher-level learning. Caine and Cainc surmised that "results can be influenced but not guaranteed" {p. 244),

    2- Students face positive and negative experience in learning .+ should be promoted because - promoted fight or flight.



    ==
    Chipongian 2008: BBL vs conventional learning "brain compatible education" vs "brain antagonistic learning".
    ===
    Teaching methods should complement the brain's natural development (Gura, 2005).

    ===
    Create patterns Kitchel and Torres
    Chunking information Roberts
    Active participants in learning,
    Recognise learning styles
    Moving from teacher based to student centered: Thompson, Jungst, Colletti, Licklider and Benna

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    • #3
      The following has to do with the functions of the brain and other relevant information:
      Frontal lobe in the brain: attention, planning, decision making.
      Temporal lobe: memory processing and emotion and hearing
      Occipital lobe: seeing


      Limbic system: Called the emotional brain and includes
      • Amygdala: Involved in emotional responses, particularly fear, pleasure, and anger. It helps process and store emotional memories.
      • Hippocampus: Essential for memory formation, particularly in converting short-term memory into long-term memory.
      • Hypothalamus: Regulates various bodily functions, including hunger, thirst, body temperature, and sexual activity, and controls the autonomic nervous system.
      • Thalamus: Acts as a relay station for sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex and plays a role in consciousness and sleep regulation.
      • Cingulate gyrus: Influences emotional regulation and links behavior to motivation.
      ​Regions close together can affect each other. Lots of memory because of smell, for example.

      Cingulate gyrus can be boosted with exercise, good diet, spending time with the family, and feeling grateful, concertation games
      It can be hampered with smoking, substance abuse, sedentary life, sugar, and multitasking, social isolation. Sleep.


      Basal Ganglia: Can be boosted through exercise and strategic games requiring attention. Sleep.
      • Executive Functions: The basal ganglia contribute to higher-order cognitive processes, including decision-making, planning, and working memory. They help in selecting the appropriate cognitive or motor responses based on context.
      • Attention and Motivation: By interacting with the prefrontal cortex, the basal ganglia are involved in maintaining attention and motivation for goal-directed tasks.
      Emotion Regulation: The basal ganglia, particularly the nucleus accumbens, are involved in processing emotions and reward signals. This is important in motivating behavior and reinforcing pleasurable activities.
      • Addiction and Reward System: They play a role in addiction by influencing the brain’s reward circuits, as they are associated with dopamine release, which affects pleasure and reinforcement learning.
      Prefrontal cortex: Decision, reasoning and logic.

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      • #4
        Hippocampus is critical to memory. It is damaged, memory is damaged.
        When information is encoded it is in the hippocampus.
        Multitasking distracts attention. Cognitive control in media multitaskers Eyal Ophir, Clifford Nass nass@stanford.edu, and Anthony D. Wagner
        Laptop multitasking hinders classroom learning for both users and nearby peers Sana a, Tina Weston b c, Nicholas J. Cepeda b c

        - Generation: Hippocampus makes the networking (generation of connections)
        ---Generation can be boosted: relevant information to you, meta cognition knowing what you are doing,
        Extended self: Medial prefrontal activity during transient association of self and objects​ Kim and Johnson 2012:
        Prefrontal cortex more active when associating information with themselves than with others. It has a direct effect on retrieving memory.
        Generation: Uncovering Camouflage: Amygdala Activation Predicts Long-Term Memory of Induced Perceptual Insight

        Rachel Ludmer1Yadin Dudai1Nava Rubin2 nava.rubin@nyu.edu​ Insight and prediction activate the amygdala and the brain reorganizes itself.

        Instructional design should shift from giving content to encouraging insight. Share what they have lrarnt and reflect on relevane.

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        • #5
          Sleep promotes lasting changes in selective memory for emotional scenes Jessica D. Payne,1,* Alexis M. Chambers,1 and Elizabeth A. Kensinger2

          During sleep: The brain reactivates circuits + forgets irrelevant information + integrates new and old information.

          Comment


          • #6
            2025 Early childhood educators' use of neuroscience: Knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy and professional learning https://www.sciencedirect.com/scienc...11949325000018
            The extent to which beliefs in neuromyths impacts educator practices and thus children’s positive learning outcomes is somewhat contested. There is evidence to suggest that belief in particular neuromyths has little or no adverse impact on teacher practice


            People who knew more about the brain also felt more confident in their teaching. People who felt more confident also supported using brain science in teaching. People who knew more about the brain also supported using brain science, but less strongly. Only a few teachers learned enough about the brain during their university studies. Most teachers said their university courses did not include enough brain science. Teachers with a university degree knew more about the brain than those with lower qualifications. Most teachers learned about the brain later through workshops or online courses. The main problems stopping teachers from learning more were lack of suitable courses, money, and time. Almost everyone said they want more training about the brain. Teachers prefer short, easy-to-access online or face-to-face courses. They want training that is practical, high-quality, evidence-based, and taught by experts. Belief in false ideas about the brain (“neuromyths”) is still common. There is a big need to include more real brain science in teacher education.

            Comment


            • #7
              Exploring gender differences in vocational education and training through the lens of neuroscience - ScienceDirect
              adapting teaching methods to accommodate diverse learning styles and preferences, summarizes practical training strategies and the role of emotional regulation in educational experiences,

              1. Teaching methods should be changed to address diverse learning styles and preferences.
              2. EMotional regulation is important for educational experience.

              The neuroscience of emotion regulation development: implications for education - ScienceDirect
              Emotion regulation is a critical life skill that can facilitate learning and improve educational outcomes. Developmental studies find that the ability to regulate emotion improves with age. In neuroimaging studies, emotion regulation abilities are associated with recruitment of a set of prefrontal brain regions involved in cognitive control and executive functioning that mature late in development. In this review we discuss the regulation of both negative and positive emotions, the role of other people in guiding our emotional responses, and the potential applications of this work to education.​

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