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Lesson 1- History
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Last edited by Mohammed; 10-10-2019, 12:44 PM. -
Instructions: Read the following passage from Encarta Encyclopedia then give the Arabic equivalents of the underlined words/phrases. Make sure you are choosing the equivalents that match the context:
Activity 1
Etruscan kings ruled Rome from the 7th to the late 6th century bc, but when the last monarch was overthrown, about 510 bc, a republic was established. Rome subsequently began to absorb the surrounding areas. After a Gallic invasion early in the 4th century bc, the so-called Servian Wall was built around the city. The first aqueduct in Rome was built in 312 bc. At the same time, the Via Appia (see Appian Way), connecting the city with southern Italy, was constructed. Rome continued to grow during and after the Punic Wars (264-146 bc). During that time the first basilica, a type of building that could accommodate crowds in bad weather, was constructed (184 bc) in the Forum.
After the assassinations (133 and 121 bc) of the brothers Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus, who had attempted to institute land reforms to aid the poor, the city experienced a period of instability that climaxed in the civil wars of the 1st century bc. Julius Caesar ultimately became dictator and instituted a series of reforms. The Forum had become crowded with structures and monuments and needed to be expanded; the Forum of Caesar was then planned. It was completed under Augustus, the first emperor, who also built the Forum of Augustus.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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حكموا - أطيح بالعاهل- جمهورية - تبعاً لذلك لاحقاً- تبتلع- المناطق المحيطة-الغزو-ما كان يسمى- قناة مائية- تصل- يستوعب-رداءة الطقس- الاغتيالات- إدخال الإصلاحات على الأراضي- مرت بـ-استقرار-وصل ذروته- الحبروب الأهلية-جبار-سلسلة من الإصلاحات-أصبحت مليئة ب-الصروح-تحت حكم أوغستين -
حكموا - أُطيح بالملك - جمهورية - بعد ذلك - تستحوذ على - المناطق المحيطة - الغزو - ما يُسمى بـ - شُيد - قناة مائية - التي تربط - تأوي (تستوعب) - حالات الطقس السيء - عمليتي الاغتيال - يبدءا استصلاح الأراضي - شهدت - غياب الاستقرار - بلغت أشدها (ذروتها) - الحروب الأهلية - ديكتاتور - سلسلة من الإصلاحات - صارت تعج بـ (صارت مملوءة بـ كذا عن آخرها) - الآثار - تحت حكم الإمبراطور أغسطس
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Instructions: Read the following passage from Encarta Encyclopedia then give the Arabic equivalents of the underlined words/phrases. Make sure you are choosing the equivalents that match the context:
Activity 2
From this myth of creation came the conception of the ennead, a group of nine divinities, and the triad, consisting of a divine father, mother, and son. Every local temple in Egypt possessed its own ennead and triad. The greatest ennead, however, was that of Ra and his children and grandchildren. This group was worshiped at Heliopolis, the center of Sun worship. The origin of the local deities is obscure; some of them were taken over from foreign religions, and some were originally the animal gods of prehistoric Africa. Gradually, they were all fused into a complicated religious structure, although comparatively few local divinities became important throughout Egypt.
In addition to those already named, the important divinities included the gods Amon, Thoth, Ptah, Khnemu, and Hapi, and the goddesses Hathor, Mut, Neit, and Sekhmet. Their importance increased with the political ascendancy of the localities where they were worshiped. For example, the ennead of Memphis was headed by a triad composed of the father Ptah, the mother Sekhmet, and the son Imhotep. Therefore, during the Memphite dynasties, Ptah became one of the greatest gods in Egypt. Similarly, when the Theban dynasties ruled Egypt, the ennead of Thebes was given the most importance, headed by the father Amon, the mother Mut, and the son Khonsu.
As the religion became more involved, true deities were sometimes confused with human beings who had been glorified after death. Thus, Imhotep, who was originally the chief minister of the 3rd Dynasty ruler Djoser, was later regarded as a demigod. During the 5th Dynasty the pharaohs began to claim divine ancestry and from that time on were worshiped as sons of Ra. Minor gods, some merely demons, were also given places in local divine hierarchies.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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أسطورة الخلق - مفهوم - التاسوع المقدس - آلهة - الثالوث - معبد - الأحفاد - كان يُعبِدَ - غامض - يرجع أصلهم إلى - ما قبل التاريخ - انصهروا معًا - نسبيًا - ازدادت أهميتهم - سيطرتهم على المناطق - ترأسه الثالوث - العائلات الحاكمة - صار الدين أكثر تعقيدًا - حدث خلط بين الآلهة والبشر - نصف إله - يدعون أنهم أسلاف الآلهة - الشياطين - تسلسل الآلهةLast edited by Hamidou Saleh; 02-21-2020, 10:18 PM.
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Activity 1
Ruled = حكموا
monarch was overthrown = أطيح بالمَلك
republic = جمهورية
subsequently = وبعد ذلك
absorb = تستحوذ
surrounding areas = المناطق المحيطة
invasion = غزو
so-called = ما يسمى
was built = بُنيَ
aqueduct = قناة مائية
connecting = يربط
accommodate = يأوي
bad weather = الطقس السيء
assassinations = اغتيالات
institute land reforms = وضع إصلاحات لقوانين ملكية
الأراضي
experienced = شهدت
instability = عدم استقرار
climaxed = بلغت ذروتها
civil wars = حروب أهلية
dictator = حاكم مستبد
series of reforms = مجموعة من الإصلاحات
had become crowded with = أصبحت مكتظة ب
monuments = نصب تذكارية
under Augustus = في عهد أغسطس
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Activity 2
myth of creation = خرافة الخلق
conception = مفهوم
Ennead = التاسوع
divinities = آلهة
triad = الثالوث
temple = معبد
grandchildren = أحفاد
was worshiped = عبدت
obscure = مجهول
were taken over = أخذت
prehistoric = العصور القديمة
were all fused = اندمجت كلها
comparatively = مماثلة
Their importance increased = ازدادت أهميتها
ascendancy of the localities = هيمنة المناطق
was headed by a triad = كان يترأسه ثالوث
dynasties = سلالات حاكمة
religion became more involved = أصبح الدين معنيا أكثر
deities were sometimes confused with human beings = أصبح الناس لا يفرقون بين الآلهة والبشر
demigod = نصف إله
to claim divine ancestry =ادعوا ألوهية أجدادهم
demons = شياطين
divine hierarchies = منزلة الآلهةComment
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